Short definition
A passive language is a language an interpreter understands and interprets from – but doesn't necessarily interpret into.
Detailed explanation
In the interpreting profession, a distinction is made between active and passive languages. An interpreter interprets into an active language (usually their native language, sometimes also a very strong second language). A passive language is one they understand at the highest level and can take in as a source language – without actively producing it themselves.
This classification follows the internationally used A-/B-/C-language scheme: the A-language is the active main language (native language), the B-language is an active working language also used as a target, and the C-language is a purely passive language, interpreted only into the A- or B-language. For team planning, this language profile is decisive: it determines who can interpret from which language into which – and whether relay is needed.
Relevance in this subject area
The language profile is the foundation of every team assembly. Knowing a team's active and passive languages allows booths to be staffed sensibly and relay routes to be planned.
Practical example
An interpreter has German (A), English (B), and French (C). She interprets from French only into German or English – she doesn't interpret into French itself, since it's a passive language for her.
Related terms
Original audio, Relay interpreting, Simultaneous interpreting, Consultant interpreters, Liaison interpreting